At least in small doses, it has no effect on anyone's " precious bodily fluids. Fluorine atoms form very strong bonds to carbon atoms, so fluorine is incorporated into many organic molecules, including the chlorofluorocarbons, which contain carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, which were widely used as propellants and refrigerants until their ozone-destroying properties were discovered see entry on Freon in the Alkanes section of the Molecule Gallery , and also in Teflon see entry on Teflon in the Polymers section of the Molecule Gallery.
Fluorine is also found in hydrogen fluoride, or hydrofluoric acid, HF, a weak acid. It is used in etching glass, cleaning stainless steel, and in processing uranium ore. In the processing of uranium, uranium in the ore is transformed into uranium hexafluoride, UF 6 , which can be sublimed into the gas phase; in this form, fissionable uranium isotopes can be separated from non-fissionable uranium isotopes by gas diffusion.
Hydrofluoric acid is toxic and corrosive, and eats through glass it must be stored in plastic bottles ; it penetrates the skin quickly, and causes intense pain. Concentrated solution can also start reactions with calcium ions in the body, causing hypocalcemia an electrolyte disturbance resulting from loss of calcium , cardiac arrest, or death.
Chlorine in its elemental form Cl 2 is a yellow-green gas; it is poisonous it was the first toxic gas to be used in gas warfare during World War I , and too reactive to be found in nature in the elemental form.
The name of the element is derived from the Latin word for greenish-yellow, chloros. It is found in the Earth's crust at a concentration of ppm, making it the 20th most abundant element; in seawater, its concentration is about 1.
It is found in the form of chloride anions, Cl - , in the minerals halite [sodium chloride, NaCl] and sylvite [potassium chloride, KCl], chlorargyrite [silver chloride, AgCl], and in seawater.
Industrially, chlorine is produced from the electrolysis of sodium chloride. Chlorine is used to disinfect drinking water and wastewater, in bleaches, and in the manufacture of chlorinated organic compounds such as the vinyl chloride used in making the plastic PVC, polyvinyl chloride. Chlorine is also found in hydrogen chloride, a colorless gas with a sharp, irritating smell. Hydrochloric acid is also known as "muriatic acid," and under this name is often sold with swimming-pool supplies.
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Encyclopedia of academic concepts Articles and project ideas Expert opinion on doubts Sample papers, board papers and exam tips Latest updates from education sector. Please choose your registered Email Id. Continue the Learning and Knowledge Sharing journey. Remember me. Login by OTP. The video below shows how violently elemental fluorine reacts with other materials. Some elements are much more reactive than others.
Elements of other groups are much more likely to accept electrons as they react. The elements of Group VIIA new Group 17 — fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine are called the halogens tan column. The halogens all have the general electron configuration ns 2 np 5 , giving them seven valence electrons. They are one electron short of having the full outer s and p sublevel, which makes them very reactive. As elements, chlorine and fluorine are gases at room temperature, bromine is a dark orange liquid, and iodine is a dark purple-gray solid.
Astatine is so rare that its properties are mostly unknown. In Figure 1 we see chlorine gas on the left green , bromine solid and vapor in the middle orange , and solid iodine grey on the right.
Fluorine is not shown in the picture below because it is too corrosive and will destroy the glass container. None of these elements are found free in nature because of their reactivity. It is the only non-metal that is a liquid at normal room conditions. Bromine on the skin causes painful burns that heal very slowly. It is an element to be treated with the utmost respect in the laboratory.
When heated at ordinary air pressures it sublimes to a violet gas. The name iodine is taken from the Greek ioeides which means "violet colored". It was discovered in by Courtois. It is radioactive and its name, from the Greek astatos, means "unstable".
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