Among the prominent ones was Giani Partap Singh, an eighty year old spiritual leader and a former Jathedar of the Akal Takht, Partap had openly criticised Bhindranwale for stockpiling firearms and weapons in the Akal Takht. Bhindranwale's occupation of the Akal Takht was termed as an act of sacrilege. Partap was murdered with gunshot at his home in Tahli Chowk.
Several other dissenters were also killed. People criticising Bhindranwale were perceived as his enemies who in turn were branded as enemies of the Sikh faith. The prominent members of the Sikh religion got the message being spread through the ongoing events and were afraid of personal safety. The violence incidents increased and reached its peak in the months before Operation Bluestar.
The sacred Golden Temple was being defiled by the militants. An arsenal had been created within the Akal Takht over a period of several months.
Trucks that were engaged for kar seva religious service and bringing in supplies needed for the daily langar were used for bringing in guns and ammunition into the Golden Temple. The police failed to check these vehicles, reportedly on instructions from superiors. During a random check, one truck was stopped and many sten guns and large quantity of ammunition was found. After the operation Blue Star, it was found that the militants had even set up a facility to manufacture grenade and to fabricate sten-guns inside the temple complex.
At the same time, the number of murders kept increasing in the state and sometimes more than a dozen killings happened in a day. Bhindranwale gradually took complete control of the Golden Temple from Akali Dal. The Akali Dal along with its militant wing Babbar Khalsa contested with Bhindranwale's group for dominance. By April and May , the two groups clashed reached its peak with intimidations and killings. The two groups blamed each other for several assassinations.
He called Bhindranwale "our stave to beat the government. The judgement would be accepted by both parties and carried out. This added to his popularity. Bhindranwale was reportedly backed by Pakistan's ISI on his radical separatist stand, plans and operations.
Bhindranwale had started the efforts for his demand in , and by mid had managed to gain support for his plan to divide India. In , Bhindranwale and approximately armed followers moved into a guest-house called the Guru Nanak Niwas, in the precinct of Harmandir Sahib and made Golden Temple complex his headquarters. Atwal was shot dead as he left the Harmandir Sahib compound by a gunman from Bhindranwale's group.
While Bhindranwale was openly supporting such elements. As the days went by the law and order situation further deteriorated and violence around the complex escalated. While the Akalis pressed on with their two-pronged strategy of negotiations and massive campaigns of civil disobedience directed at the Central Government, others were not so enamoured of nonviolence.
Communists known as " Naxalites ", armed Sikh groups — the " Babbar Khalsa " and " Dal Khalsa ", sometimes worked hand in hand and clashed with the police.
A covert government group known as the Third Agency was also engaged in dividing and destabilising the Sikh movement through the use of undercover officers, paid informants and agents provocateurs. During the debate in the Parliament of India members of both the houses demanded the arrest of Bhindranwale. Sensing a prospect of his arrest from the hostel premises, he convinced the SGPC president Tohra to set up his headquarter in Akal Takht Shrine representing the temporal power of God in the Golden temple.
Babbar Khalsa had also the support of the Congress party. Longowal by now feared for his own safety. Longowal attempted to block the move by persuading Giani Kirpal Singh, then Jathedar head priest of the Akal Takht, to use his authority and issue a Hukamnama edict disallowing Bhindranwale from relocating to the complex.
Mark Tully and Satish Jacob wrote, " All terrorists were known by name to the shopkeepers and the householders who live in the narrow alleys surrounding the Golden Temple By this time Bhindranwale and his men were above the law. The government contemplated military moves to arrest Bhindranwale but this would have caused numerous casualties as collateral damage , the Golden Temple being one of the most visited sites in Punjab.
It would have also hurt the religious sentiments of the Sikhs. The government sent a team led by Narasimha Rao to try to convince Bhindranwale to back out but he was adamant, [40] and refused all efforts made by the Indira Gandhi administration to negotiate a settlement.
These talks ended up being futile. There are many hunters after it". According to Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar , who commanded the operation, the body of Bhindranwale was identified by a number of agencies, including the police, the Intelligence Bureau and militants in the Army's custody. He was adept at television, radio and press interviews. Though journalist Khushwant Singh believed himself to be on Bhindranwale's hit list, he allowed that the Sikh preacher-become-activist genuinely made no distinction between higher and lower castes, and that he had restored thousands of drunken or doped Sikh men, inured to pornographic films, to their families, [93] and that Operation Blue Star had given the movement for Khalistan its first martyr in Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale.
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Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit Edit source View history. Main page contents Current events Random article About Contact us. Help contribute Community portal Recent changes Create article Upload file. Killed in gunfight during Operation Blue Star. The Sikhs however refused to participate in such operations on religious grounds as Sikhism prohibits suicide assassinations. In a hijacking in a German manufactured pistol was used and during the investigations, the German Intelligence Service BND confirmed that the weapon was part of a weapon consignment for Pakistani government.
The American government had then issued warnings over the incident after which the series of hijackings of Indian aeroplanes had stopped. Between and , Punjab was placed under an ineffective President's rule and was governed from Delhi. Elections were eventually held in but the voter turnout was poor.
A new Congress I government was formed and it gave the police chief of the state K. Gill a free hand. Punjab insurgency The insurgency in Punjab originated in the late s, was a threat to the unity and integrity of India due to the militant Sikh ethno nationalism known as Khalistan movement.
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